Time-series analysis of remote-sensed chlorophyll and environmental factors in the Santa Monica–San Pedro Basin off Southern California

The time-series of remote-sensed surface chlorophyll concentration measured by SeaWiFS radiometer from September 1997 to December 2001 and the relevant hydrological and meteorological factors (remote-sensed sea surface temperature, atmospheric precipitation, air temperature and wind stress) in Santa Monica Bay and adjacent waters off southern California were analyzed using wavelet and cross-correlation statistical methods. All parameters exhibited evident seasonal patterns of variation. Wavelet analysis revealed salient long-term variations most evident in air temperature during El Niño 1997–1998 and in wind stress during La Niña 1998–1999. Short-period (<100 days) variations of remote-sensed chlorophyll biomass were mostly typical to spring seasons. Chlorophyll biomass was significantly correlated with air temperature and wind stress: an increase of chlorophyll biomass followed with 5–6-day time lag an increase of wind stress accompanied by a simultaneous decrease of air temperature. The mechanism of these variations was an intensification of phytoplankton growth resulting from the mixing of water column by wind stress and entrainment of nutrients into the euphotic layer.     

半约束模型试验--一种验证随浪和斜浪中波浪力计算的手段

本文采用半约束模型试验技术，对一条高速船在规则波中随浪和斜浪工况进行了流体动力系列试验，以探讨航运的安全性，验证作用于船体上波浪力的估算方法。对每次试验，以波动方程的形式采用数值估算方法确定环绕船模的波浪运动的时间历程。并用同样的方法从测量数据中提取垂荡和纵摇与模型测量运动，一阶波导纵荡、横荡作用力和首摇力矩。因此合理比较理论计算的波浪力与力矩的时间历程成为可能。这表明SSPA海事动力学的研究所(MDL)模型试验设施可以提供高质量的测量，与所述计算方法结合起来可用来验证理论计算和建立半经验方法。     

理解消费者对质量的定义

汽车产品的质量总是会受到巨大的关注。质量较差会导致财务成本的增加,这使得制造商把提升质量作为一项商业必要的手段。过去的数年中有无数方法和流程被用来减少浪费和消除缺陷 (比如6-Sigma法和TQM完全质量管理法)。我们并不缺少这样的衡量工具,来衡量因质量问题和返工而产生的负面经济效益。运用这些衡量工具能够理解质量对每辆车或者公司的盈利能力造成的影响,并且帮助公司取得显著的产品质     

锰对工人血清胆碱酯酶活性和尿香草扁桃酸含量的影响

为探讨职业性锰暴露对工人血清胆碱酯酶活性和尿香草扁桃酸(VMA)水平的影响,对55名锰粉加工工人、55名冶炼工人和55名对照工人进行了调查.结果显示,锰粉加工作业环境空气锰尘中MnO2几何均数为1.96 mg/m3(0.17～22.24mg/m3),样品超标率为88.9%;冶炼作业环境空气锰烟尘中MnO2几何均值为0.65 mg/m3(0.06～6.67mg/m3),样品超标率为93.3%.锰粉加工和冶炼组头晕头痛、睡眠障碍的主诉率明显高于对照组(P＜0.01),锰粉加工组血清胆碱酯酶活性明显增高(P＜0.05),提示这可能是锰的早期神经毒性所致.     

Maritime education in cross cultural settings

Cross-cultural interaction is growing in our global economy. Expanding maritime trade in ports around the world reinforces the need for standardized training and education to cope with new global technologies and logistics systems. Working, studying and interacting in cross-cultural settings can lead to problems of misunderstandings and misinterpretations among people having different worldviews.     

冲绳城市单轨运输系统

简要介绍了冲绳城市单轨运输系统的设施和车辆概况.     

Total oil spill costs and compensations

Although counteracting environmental programmes and policies have been strengthened, large oil spills still occur at irregular intervals. The total oil spill costs and their compensations have attracted much interest from various parties, such as local stakeholders, and state and federal governments. This paper addresses five major cost categories whose aggregations are expected to cover the overall direct and indirect costs after the release of an oil spill. Among them, research costs should not be neglected, since they tend to be high if public attention has been drawn to the case. Through an examination of the relationship between the total oil spill costs and their admissible claims, we found that:

1. admissible claims do not cover the overall costs of the oil spill, and
2. admissible claims cannot be compensated in full in the case of large spills.

Clearly, a sound oil spill contingency management aims to minimize both the environmental impacts of areas most at risk and the total oil spill costs. In this paper an economic model for measuring environmental damages following an oil spill is addressed and applied to the Prestige case which happened to be the worst oil pollution in the history of Spain. The model indicates how an ideally a priori economic evaluation may intuitively help managers to make informed as well as fast decisions in contingency cases.     

西班牙Velaro E高速列车的电气设备

西班牙铁路(RENFE)从2004年起将获得16组Velare E电动车组.这些电动车组是按欧洲铁路通用性规定设计的目前世界上最现代的高速列组.在最大坡道为25‰和海拔高1 200 m的线路上列车要以350 km/h高速运行,对其电气设备提出了很高要求.文章详细介绍了设计和实现这些电气系统及部件时必须重视和满足的要求.     

莆田显惠侯神灵及其对船员的保护

著名的莆田祥应庙前身是当地白杜方氏家族专用的祠堂.庙里供奉的神灵显惠侯,当地的百姓把他视为农业生产及生命财产的保护神,同时,他也是航海者信奉的神灵.本文作者以周尾和朱纺这两人出海之前均到该庙膜拜的典型事例,分析指出上述二人的出海经商与白杜方氏家族存在着直接关系,可能是受雇于当时既从事农业又涉猎海上贸易的白杜方氏家族,因此宋时显惠侯只是一个地方性的神灵,只对某一部分人提供某些特定的庇护,并不具有普遍意义.     

ISS-based robust adaptive fuzzy algorithm for maintaining a ship's track

This paper focuses on the problem of linear track keeping for marine surface vessels. The influence exerted by sea currents on the kinematic equation of ships is considered first. The input-to-state stability(ISS) theory used to verify the system is input-to-state stable. Combining the Nussbaum gain with backstepping techniques,a robust adaptive fuzzy algorithm is presented by employing fuzzy systems as an approximator for unknown nonlinearities in the system. It is proved that the proposed algorithm that guarantees all signals in the closed-loop system are ultimately bounded. Consequently,a ship's linear track-keeping control can be implemented. Simulation results using Dalian Maritime University's ocean-going training ship 'YULONG' are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.